Waitan Ludi Policy Terminal

Country-interest evidence · pilot

Trade inferences use UN Comtrade, with China as reporter. Country connections indicate potential trade relevance, not measured harm, firm-level exposure or legal applicability. Inward measures concern exporters to China; competition with Chinese exports in third markets is not assessed.

Inspect implementing jurisdictions and partner evidence · 188 relationships

Australia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 14,075,822

Austria: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 321,972,672

Belgium: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 15,499,272

Belarus: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 8,748,811

Brazil: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 11,424,078

Canada: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 302,926,478

Switzerland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 221,618,672

Costa Rica: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 80,471,205

Czech Republic: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 46,941,657

Germany: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 2,617,195,237

Denmark: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 4,974,817

Spain: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 3,409,766

Finland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 41,013,504

France: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 899,372,426

United Kingdom: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 186,939,237

Hong Kong, China: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 58,082,536

Hungary: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 98,731,407

Indonesia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 267,334,650

India: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 24,792,954

Ireland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 7,768,126,138

Israel: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 3,284,768,407

Italy: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 404,906,011

Japan: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 26,756,722,982

Cambodia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 6,585,445

Korea, Rep.: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 89,846,544,057

Lithuania: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 6,208,099

Morocco: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 263,653,871

Mexico: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 3,255,667,928

Malta: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 448,523,818

Malaysia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 37,409,730,950

Netherlands: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 113,450,668

Norway: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 7,892,858

New Zealand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 26,375,502

Philippines: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 9,836,019,361

Poland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 2,201,066

Portugal: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 409,366,262

Russian Federation: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 25,761,267

Singapore: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 8,217,354,977

Slovak Republic: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 5,191,641

Slovenia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 3,612,500

Sweden: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 57,290,057

Thailand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 7,706,867,353

Chinese Taipei: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 159,003,849,609

United States: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 16,564,872,956

Vietnam: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 19,156,232,412

South Africa: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74143 · recorded trade USD 8,062,578

Implementing jurisdiction: China · intervention 74143

Australia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 14,075,822

Austria: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 321,972,672

Belgium: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 15,499,272

Belarus: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 8,748,811

Brazil: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 11,424,078

Canada: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 302,926,478

Costa Rica: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 80,471,205

Germany: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 2,617,195,237

Denmark: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 4,974,817

Spain: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 3,409,766

Finland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 41,013,504

France: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 899,372,426

Hungary: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 98,731,407

Indonesia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 267,334,650

India: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 24,792,954

Ireland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 7,768,126,138

Israel: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 3,284,768,407

Italy: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 404,906,011

Japan: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 26,756,722,982

Cambodia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 6,585,445

Korea, Rep.: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 89,846,544,057

Lithuania: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 6,208,099

Morocco: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 263,653,871

Mexico: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 3,255,667,928

Malta: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 448,523,818

Malaysia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 37,409,730,950

Norway: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 7,892,858

New Zealand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 26,375,502

Poland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 2,201,066

Portugal: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 409,366,262

Singapore: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 8,217,354,977

Slovenia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 3,612,500

Sweden: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 57,290,057

Thailand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 7,706,867,353

Vietnam: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74144 · recorded trade USD 19,156,232,412

Implementing jurisdiction: China · intervention 74144

Australia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 14,075,822

Austria: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 321,972,672

Belgium: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 15,499,272

Belarus: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 8,748,811

Brazil: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 11,424,078

Canada: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 302,926,478

Costa Rica: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 80,471,205

Germany: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 2,617,195,237

Denmark: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 4,974,817

Spain: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 3,409,766

Finland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 41,013,504

France: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 899,372,426

Hungary: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 98,731,407

Indonesia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 267,334,650

India: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 24,792,954

Ireland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 7,768,126,138

Israel: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 3,284,768,407

Italy: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 404,906,011

Japan: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 26,756,722,982

Cambodia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 6,585,445

Korea, Rep.: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 89,846,544,057

Lithuania: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 6,208,099

Morocco: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 263,653,871

Mexico: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 3,255,667,928

Malta: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 448,523,818

Malaysia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 37,409,730,950

Norway: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 7,892,858

New Zealand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 26,375,502

Poland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 2,201,066

Portugal: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 409,366,262

Singapore: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 8,217,354,977

Slovenia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 3,612,500

Sweden: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 57,290,057

Thailand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 7,706,867,353

Vietnam: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74145 · recorded trade USD 19,156,232,412

Implementing jurisdiction: China · intervention 74145

Australia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 14,075,822

Austria: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 321,972,672

Belgium: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 15,499,272

Belarus: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 8,748,811

Brazil: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 11,424,078

Canada: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 302,926,478

Costa Rica: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 80,471,205

Germany: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 2,617,195,237

Denmark: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 4,974,817

Spain: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 3,409,766

Finland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 41,013,504

France: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 899,372,426

Hungary: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 98,731,407

Indonesia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 267,334,650

India: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 24,792,954

Ireland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 7,768,126,138

Israel: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 3,284,768,407

Italy: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 404,906,011

Japan: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 26,756,722,982

Cambodia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 6,585,445

Korea, Rep.: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 89,846,544,057

Lithuania: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 6,208,099

Morocco: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 263,653,871

Mexico: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 3,255,667,928

Malta: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 448,523,818

Malaysia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 37,409,730,950

Norway: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 7,892,858

New Zealand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 26,375,502

Poland: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 2,201,066

Portugal: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 409,366,262

Singapore: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 8,217,354,977

Slovenia: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 3,612,500

Sweden: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 57,290,057

Thailand: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 7,706,867,353

Vietnam: Trade-based inference; exporters to China; summed product trade > USD 1m; 2021 trade; broad sector headings; computed, not analyst-reviewed · intervention 74146 · recorded trade USD 19,156,232,412

Implementing jurisdiction: China · intervention 74146

Assessment states

Trade-based partners recorded
Trade-based partners recorded
Trade-based partners recorded
Trade-based partners recorded

Measures

Capital grant

Provincial · origin: Chinese firms or production in China · locality: Local firms · CPC 471 · in force from 2022-01-01 · Keyword screen (unreviewed)

Implemented by China (subnational) · affects 46 partners (inferred from trade data, 2021 trade): Chinese Taipei, Korea, Rep., Malaysia, Japan, Vietnam, United States …

上述个人奖励金额最高不超过50万元。

Supports production in a place, so favours that place by rule.

Guidance fund / state equity

Provincial · origin: Chinese firms or production in China · locality: Local firms · CPC 471 · in force from 2022-01-01 · Keyword screen (unreviewed)

Implemented by China (subnational) · affects 46 partners (inferred from trade data, 2021 trade): Chinese Taipei, Korea, Rep., Malaysia, Japan, Vietnam, United States …

实施本市集成电路优惠利率中长期信贷专项贴息政策，对符合条件的企业并购贷款、债券融资，以及企业为参与集成电路产业投资基金和装备材料基金出资而发行的债券，给予长期优惠利率信贷专项贴息。

Supports production in a place, so favours that place by rule.

Interest subsidy

Provincial · origin: Chinese firms or production in China · locality: Local firms · CPC 471 · in force from 2022-01-01 · Keyword screen (unreviewed)

Implemented by China (subnational) · affects 46 partners (inferred from trade data, 2021 trade): Chinese Taipei, Korea, Rep., Malaysia, Japan, Vietnam, United States …

Supports production in a place, so favours that place by rule.

Credit guarantee

Provincial · origin: Chinese firms or production in China · locality: Local firms · CPC 471 · in force from 2022-01-01 · Keyword screen (unreviewed)

Implemented by China (subnational) · affects 46 partners (inferred from trade data, 2021 trade): Chinese Taipei, Korea, Rep., Malaysia, Japan, Vietnam, United States …

鼓励市场化融资担保机构为本市集成电路装备材料企业提供融资担保服务，对担保费率不超过2%对应发生的担保费部分，给予融资担保机构75%的担保费用补贴。

Tells lower levels to act; not itself a measure in force. Supports production in a place, so favours that place by rule.

Asymmetric provisions

SOE or private-firm preference (国有企业, 民营企业)

Disadvantages: · Keyword screen (unreviewed)

鼓励本市国有企业、事业单位优先采用纳入国家和本市重点目录的基础软件、工业软件和信息安全软件。

Same central policy, other provinces

国务院关于印发新时期促进集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展若干政策的通知 · 国发〔2020〕8号 · 2020-07-27 · answered in 4 provinces held · trace it ↗

Province	First document citing it	Dated	Lag
Shanghai	关于印发《浦东新区促进集成电路和新一代通信产业高质量发展专项操作细则》的通知	2021-01-01	158 d
Fujian	厦门市人民政府关于印发加快推进软件和新兴数字产业发展若干措施的通知	2022-03-08	589 d
Jiangsu	关于集成电路和工业母机企业享受增值税和企业所得税优惠政策有关事项的通知	2024-04-22	1365 d
Beijing	北京市经济和信息化局关于2026年北京市集成电路和软件企业享受税收优惠政策有关事项的通知	2026-05-08	2111 d

Held documents only: these are counts of what we have collected, not of what each province issued.

Full text

上海市人民政府关于印发新时期促进上海市集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展若干政策的通知（2021年12月21日）沪府规〔2021〕18号各区人民政府，市政府各委、办、局：现将《新时期促进上海市集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展的若干政策》印发给你们，请认真按照执行。新时期促进上海市集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展的若干政策第一章总则第一条为贯彻落实《国务院关于印发新时期促进集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展若干政策的通知》（国发〔2020〕8号），促进新时期上海集成电路产业和软件产业高质量发展，制定本若干政策。第二条本若干政策适用于符合有关条件的本市集成电路生产、装备、材料、设计（含IP、EDA，下同）、先进封装测试企业及机构，以软件产品开发及相关信息技术服务为主营业务的企业及机构。第二章人才支持政策第三条优化研发设计人员和企业核心团队奖励政策。优化研发设计人员支持结构，重点支持承担国家及本市重大攻关任务的集成电路生产、装备、材料、设计、先进封装测试企业研发设计人员，基础软件、工业软件、新兴技术软件、信息安全软件企业以及符合国家规划布局导向的大型行业应用软件企业研发设计人员。鼓励集成电路企业和软件企业做大产业规模，对于首次突破相关年度主营业务收入条件的集成电路装备材料、EDA、设计企业和软件企业，由市、区两级政府给予企业核心团队分级奖励。其中，基础软件、工业软件、信息安全软件企业突破的年度主营业务收入可作进一步放宽。上述个人奖励金额最高不超过50万元。经市行业主管部门认定的集成电路和软件企业，可在引进当年申报并享受奖励政策。（责任部门和单位：市经济信息化委、市财政局、临港新片区管委会、相关区政府）第四条加大境外高端紧缺人才扶持力度。对中国（上海）自由贸易试验区及临港新片区、张江国家自主创新示范区从事集成电路、基础软件、信息技术服务等重点产业的境外高端紧缺人才，按照有关政策给予扶持。（责任部门和单位：临港新片区管委会、上海科创办、市财政局、相关区政府）第五条支持企业引进人才。对列入国家鼓励的重点集成电路和软件企业清单的单位，经市战略性新兴产业领导小组办公室向相关主管部门推荐后，纳入当年非上海生源普通高校应届毕业生进沪就业重点扶持用人单位，此单位引进符合条件的高层次人才，直接纳入市级相关人才引育计划。（责任部门：市教委、市委组织部（市人才工作领导小组办公室）、市发展改革委、市人力资源社会保障局、市公安局）第六条加强企业人才住房保障。将市行业主管部门认定的集成电路和软件企业纳入市级人才公寓保障范围。将在沪国家级集成电路创新平台研发人员纳入市级人才租房补贴范围。（责任部门：市委组织部（市人才工作领导小组办公室）、市住房城乡建设管理委、市房屋管理局、市经济信息化委、市科委、市财政局）第七条加强高校人才培养能力建设。推动在沪高校开展微电子学院和“集成电路科学与工程”一级学科建设，积极创建特色化示范性软件学院。推动在沪高校增加微电子、软件相关专业本科生、研究生招生名额。推动本市集成电路生产线和中试线向微电子学院开放并提供学生实践岗位，推动有关高校将其列入相关专业硕士、本科生生产实践课程。（责任部门：市教委、市经济信息化委、市科委）第八条建立软件人才职业资质认证与职业能力评价衔接机制。支持操作系统、数据库、信息安全、项目管理等国内外知名软件职业资质认证等级与人才职业能力评价对应衔接，并按照条件配套相关人才政策。（责任部门：市人力资源社会保障局、市经济信息化委）第三章企业培育支持政策第九条加大专项资金支持力度。对于符合以下条件的集成电路和软件重大项目，市战略性新兴产业专项资金进一步加大支持力度：（一）对于零部件、原材料等自主研发取得重大突破并实现实际销售的集成电路装备材料重大项目，支持比例为项目新增投资的30%，支持金额原则上不高于1亿元；（二）对于EDA、基础软件、工业软件、信息安全软件重大项目，项目新增投资可放宽到不低于5000万元，支持比例为项目新增投资的30%，支持金额原则上不高于1亿元；（三）对于符合条件的设计企业开展有利于促进本市集成电路线宽小于28纳米（含）工艺产线应用的流片服务，相关流片费计入项目新增投资，对流片费给予30%的支持，支持金额原则上不高于1亿元。通过本市战略性新兴产业、产业高质量发展、科技创新、临港新片区、张江国家自主创新示范区、张江科学城等专项资金，加大联动支持集成电路、软件重大项目的力度，市战略性新兴产业领导小组办公室加强综合协调。本市集成电路产业规划布局重点区域所在区政府应设立集成电路发展专项资金。（责任部门和单位：市发展改革委、市经济信息化委、市科委、上海科创办、市财政局、临港新片区管委会、浦东新区政府、嘉定区政府）第十条加强集成电路中小设计企业产能保障。建立集成电路中小设计企业应急保供联席会议机制，积极推动本市支持建设的集成电路生产线和中试线开放一定产能，优先服务承担国家技术攻关任务或研制重要产品的中小设计企业产能需求。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市发展改革委、市科委、市国资委）第十一条优化软件创新平台培育机制。试点采用先自发组建、后择优支持的竞争性机制，在基础软件、工业软件、信息安全软件等领域，培育若干市级工程研究中心、技术创新中心，支持创建国家级创新平台。推进本市软件企业园区积极创建中国软件名园。（责任部门：市发展改革委、市经济信息化委、市科委）第四章投融资支持政策第十二条继续扩大集成电路产业基金规模。本市国有投资平台企业、相关园区开发平台联合增加对上海集成电路产业投资基金、集成电路装备材料基金募资支持。通过市场化方式，继续做大做强集成电路设计基金。引导本市设计企业共同发起或参与设立上海集成电路产线投资基金，参与投资本市集成电路新建产线。（责任部门和单位：市经济信息化委、市国资委、市发展改革委、浦东新区政府）第十三条创新信贷支持和软件行业融资方式。实施本市集成电路优惠利率中长期信贷专项贴息政策，对符合条件的企业并购贷款、债券融资，以及企业为参与集成电路产业投资基金和装备材料基金出资而发行的债券，给予长期优惠利率信贷专项贴息。依托上海“信易贷”、大数据普惠金融应用和“银税互动”等，支持银行开发软件企业特色融资产品。（责任部门：市发展改革委、市地方金融监管局、上海银保监局）第十四条支持保险机构参与集成电路产业发展。加强适合集成电路产业特点的保险产品供给，探索建立集成电路保险共保体及大灾风险分散机制，支持自主安全可控装备、材料、EDA上线验证，研究制订重点领域和重点项目保险费补贴支持政策。（责任部门：上海银保监局、市地方金融监管局、市经济信息化委、市财政局）第十五条支持集成电路和软件企业融资担保服务。鼓励市场化融资担保机构为本市集成电路装备材料企业提供融资担保服务，对担保费率不超过2%对应发生的担保费部分，给予融资担保机构75%的担保费用补贴。推动本市政策性融资担保基金加大为企业提供融资担保服务的力度。（责任部门：市发展改革委、市经济信息化委、市财政局）第五章研发和应用支持政策第十六条布局重点领域科技重大专项。围绕集成电路装备材料等重点领域组织市级科技重大专项。鼓励企业牵头承担国家技术攻关任务，本市按照有关政策，予以配套资金等支持。（责任部门：市发展改革委、市科委、市经济信息化委、市教委、市财政局）第十七条优化集成电路产品首轮流片政策。重点支持中小设计企业、重要创新平台利用本市集成电路生产线和中试线开展工程产品首轮流片，研究将集成电路中小设计企业通过市行业主管部门认定的服务机构开展的MPW（多项目晶圆）流片纳入支持范围。支持本市高校微电子相关专业博士研究生和博士后利用本市集成电路生产线和中试线开展研究，对相关科技创新项目给予优先支持。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市科委、市教委）第十八条加大对自主安全可控装备材料的验证和应用支持力度。对本市集成电路产线和中试线为本市集成电路首台套装备、首批次新材料验证服务的，给予一定研发补贴。其中，单台装备验证最高不超过100万元，每批材料验证最高不超过50万元。将支持自主安全可控装备材料应用与验证作为本市新建集成电路产线项目获得政府资金支持的基本条件，其中自主安全可控集成电路装备材料产品采购比例不低于政府支持资金的30%，具体比例根据实际情况动态调整。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市发展改革委、市科委、市财政局）第十九条实施EDA生态建设专项行动。组织开展EDA软件技术攻关，支持有条件的企业由点到面实现全流程EDA工具突破。支持企业建设EDA开放云平台，组织设计用户与相关EDA企业共同开展研发验证，并将平台纳入“创新券”使用范围予以支持。对本市集成电路企业和创新平台购买符合条件的自主安全可控EDA工具，按照实际采购金额给予50%的补贴。支持企业在高校开设自主安全可控EDA工具教学课程，并纳入教学计划。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市科委、市委网信办、市发展改革委、市财政局、市教委）第二十条优化软件首版次、装备首台套等应用政策。采用后补贴方式支持软件首版次应用，支持资金为前3个首版次软件产品销售合同累计金额的20%，最高不超过200万元；鼓励本市国有企业、事业单位优先采用纳入国家和本市重点目录的基础软件、工业软件和信息安全软件。允许集成电路装备研制企业享受首台套政策不再设置合同首付款等前置条件。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市国资委、市财政局）第二十一条加强行业标准建设。按照有关规定，对集成电路企业和软件企业牵头制订各级标准给予一定资助。支持在沪国家级创新平台建设集成电路领域标准技术研制、验证、应用全流程服务平台，在部分领域积极主导国家标准体系建设。（责任部门和单位：市市场监管局、相关区政府）第六章长三角协同创新支持政策第二十二条建立协同攻关“揭榜挂帅”机制。依托长三角国家技术创新中心，建设集成电路关键零部件和材料、核心算法技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”需求信息发布平台，服务企业技术研发和产业链发展合作需求，重点吸引长三角各类创新主体参与揭榜。（责任部门：市科委、市经济信息化委、市教委）第二十三条支持长三角区域集成电路装备行业联动发展。本市处于示范应用阶段的集成电路重大装备在长三角区域集成电路产线首次应用的，按照本市战略性新兴产业专项资金“制造商—用户”双向支持政策，给予装备用户一定支持。（责任部门：市发展改革委、市经济信息化委）第二十四条举办长三角软件算法、信息技术应用创新和EDA大赛。支持相关行业协会和组织根据行业发展需求和企业实际问题，举办软件算法、信息技术应用创新大赛，吸引全球创新算法、信息技术创新成果在上海应用落地。支持企业在长三角重点高校设立EDA工具应用大赛。（责任部门：市经济信息化委、市科委、市教委）第七章行业管理支持政策第二十五条优化集成电路项目投资管理制度。对浦东新区、临港新片区、嘉定区域内按照规定需开展行业指导的集成电路重大制造项目，由项目建设地所属的区政府或管委会出具审查意见后报送市政府。优化调整装配式建筑实施范围，集成电路产业项目厂房建筑的主体净化车间不纳入本市装配式建筑实施范围。（责任部门和单位：浦东新区政府、嘉定区政府、临港新片区管委会、市住房城乡建设管理委）第二十六条加快建设上海电子化学品专区。支持上海电子化学品专区建设，优先布局集成电路材料领域重大产业项目，建设集成电路专用电子化学品公共仓储设施，打造上海电子化学品创新研究院和校企联合实验室。上海化工区专项发展资金进一步聚焦集成电路材料制造、研发、仓储项目，给予一定补贴。（责任部门和单位：上海化工区管委会、市经济信息化委、市科委、市国资委、市应急局、市规划资源局、市生态环境局）第二十七条持续实施进出口便利和贴息政策。实施海关企业分类管理制度，对国家鼓励的集成电路生产、装备、材料，重点设计和重点软件企业进口原物料、设备，快速办理通关、查验流程。完善外汇分类管理制度，给予诚信企业更宽松灵活的管理模式。对集成电路和软件企业向境外企业购买技术使用权或所有权，以及开展技术出口的，按照国家有关规定，予以享受贴息政策。（责任部门：上海海关、市商务委、国家外汇管理局上海市分局）本若干政策自2022年1月1日起实施。本若干政策与本市其他产业政策有交叉的，同类政策按照从优、从高、不重复的原则执行。